Characteristics of Lemon Fruit: • The rind of a thrush lemon is light green, yellow and bright. Fruit flesh is yellow in color. Fruit shape is elliptical and light mammalian. • The weight of the lemon, which is around 120 gr, is tightly attached to the flesh and the number of seeds is 10. Fruit Yield of Lemon Tree The successful development of a commercial lemon orchard depends on the climatic conditions of the region, the selection of the appropriate place for the garden, the selection of the rootstock and grafted tangerine shoots suitable for the soil, and the agricultural methods applied (irrigation, pruning, fertilization). In general, grafted lemon trees begin to bear fruit from the 1st or 2nd year. It reaches full yield at the age of 10 years. An average healthy and mature lemon tree lives for more than 50 years, depending on climatic conditions. With good care and disease prevention practices, they can live for over 100 years. With good care, each tree can produce a minimum of 70 kg of lemons. Climate Requirements of the Lemon Tree • It is known that the main growing area of lemon is semi-arid and arid subtropical regions where the lowest temperature is -4 degrees above. Low temperatures are the most important factor limiting lemon cultivation. When the temperature drops, fruit quality and productivity are adversely affected. Lemon trees are especially damaged at temperatures below 0 degrees Celsius, freezing occurs even faster if there is fruit on the tree. The growth temperature for lemon is considered to be around 6-7. Unlike other citrus fruits, there is no mention of temperature summation in lemon cultivation. In addition, lemon begins to show development-growth at 30-32 degrees. When the temperature shows 38-39, growth and development almost stop. In addition, it is requested that the lemons be protected from strong winds and the humidity rate should not exceed 60-70. Lemons can be grown in places with warm and humid summers and mild winters. • Another important climatic factor is the wind. The wind damages all citrus fruits both with its violence and its coldness. Leaf death as a result of excessive water loss with hot winds, and in other cases, bruises occur on fruits as a result of tissue injury. To protect from strong winds, windbreaks should be planted at the edge of the garden; for this, cypresses that grow flat and vertically should be preferred. Soil Requirements of a Lemon Tree • The soil depth of the place where the garden will be established should be at least 1.5-2 m. In lemons, 85-90% of the absorbent roots are found in the 0.90 cm layer of the soil. In general, the hairy roots are found at 5-120 cm. Lemon roots require a high amount of oxygen and are very sensitive to suffocation. For this reason, the soil should be in a well-ventilated, well-drained feature. The effective root depth of lemons is 30-90 cm. As the aeration amount of the soil decreases, the roots rise towards the soil surface. lemon roots; Depending on very favorable soil conditions and rootstocks, it can spread up to 7.5 m horizontally. • Like all citrus fruits, lemon trees are best grown in deep-drained, sandy-loam or clay loam soils with plenty of humus. They are light to medium heavy structured, well-drained, loose, sandy, sandy loam, loamy, clay loam soils. Soils with high ground water, heavy texture and excessive calcareous content should not be preferred for lemons. Soil pH should be around 5.5 - 6 slightly acid or neutral or slightly alkaline. The clay ratio should not exceed 20%, the sand ratio should be around 50%, and the loam ratio should be around 20%. • The amount of lime in the soil is very important in cultivation. The fact that the lime rate is above 5% greatly affects the intake of elements such as P and Fe and causes their deficiencies. The physical qualities of the soil where the garden will be established; Soil pH should be around 5.5 - 6 slightly acid or neutral or slightly alkaline. The clay ratio should not exceed 20%, the sand ratio should be around 50%, and the loam ratio should be around 20%. The permeability of the soil should be 10-20 cm/hour. If this value is too high, the soil will be too filtered, so the nutrients and fertilizers will be washed away easily and will be of no use. The pore rate in the soil should not fall below 10%, if it falls, the soil cannot be aerated. For lemons, the amount of salt in the soil should not exceed 0,30%. Inadequate drainage and improper irrigation promote salinity. Planting Lemon Tree, Determining Planting Places and Planting Distances • First we plow the selected area at a depth of 40 cm. Tillage is done in order to destroy the perennial weeds and prevent soil heaving, which contributes to the better development of the root system of the trees. In the continuation of these applications, we have to dig holes for the planting process. These pits should be 60 cm deep and 40 cm in diameter. • An average planting distance of 4 X 5 meters is often used for lemon trees. Under this scheme, 50 trees per acre would be approximately 500 trees per hectare. Water Requirements of a Lemon Tree • Among citrus fruits, lemons are the most demanding type of water. For a good irrigation in the garden, it is necessary to have a suitable water source, to use the water carefully and in a controlled manner, and to drain the excess water after irrigation. Irrigation intervals vary according to factors such as climate, irrigation time, irrigation method, age of the tree. In order to understand the irrigation time, the general wilt status of the tree, soil moisture or a tensiometer is used. After planting, watering should be done every 10-15 days, taking into account the soil characteristics, until the seedlings take hold completely. Large trees are irrigated during the hot summer months. • Surface irrigation for lemons between 15 and 35 days is usually sufficient. The most important mistake made in watering lemons is the flood irrigation application made in the form of ponding. Due to the wetting of the trunk and root neck of the trees in irrigation made in this way, gumming and so on. preparing the ground for diseases; Especially in gardens with heavy soil, the roots are left without air. Irrigation forms where water touches the trunk of the tree, especially the root collar, should not be preferred.